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Violin Concerto no. 4 D major K. 218
7 上級

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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Mozart is one of the few composers to have produced masterpieces in all genres. On the concert tours he undertook in his early years (London, Mannheim, Italy, Paris) he gained many varied musical impressions that he assimilated in his youth and which formed the prerequisite for his later consummate musical language.

1756Born in Salzburg on January 27, the son of musician and later court composer Leopold Mozart. His early regimented musical education from his father began in 1761, first compositions at age five.
1763–66Extended concert tours through various German cities and to Paris, London, Amsterdam, Switzerland. He composes his first sonatas for violin and piano, K. 10–15, dedicated to Queen Charlotte, as well as the first symphonies from London, K. 16 and 19, which show the influence of the works of Johann Christian Bach and Karl Friedrich Abel (the three-movement Italian sinfonia form).
1767Premiere in Salzburg of the sacred light opera “Die Schuldigkeit des ersten Gebotes,” K. 35 (written with Michael Haydn and Anton C. Adlgasser), and the intermezzo “Apollo et Hyacinthus,” K. 38. Journeys with his father and sister to Vienna.
1768Probably the premiere in Vienna of his Singspiel “Bastien and Bastienne,” K. 50. Composition of his first masses.
1769Performance in Salzburg of the dramma giocoso “La finta semplice,” K. 51.
1769–71Two tours to Italy; he meets Farinelli, P. Nardini, and Padre Martini, among others, and, on the second trip, Hasse. Premieres in Milan of his opera seria “Mitridate, Re di Ponto” in 1770 and of the festa teatrale “Ascanio in Alba” in 1771. Composition of symphonies and his first string quartet (1770, K. 80).
1771Composition of the oratorio “La Betulia liberate,” K. 118, in Salzburg/Italy.
1772Premiere of the serenata drammatica “Il sogno di Scipione,” K. 126, for the accession of Salzburg Archbishop Hieronymus Count Colloredo. He receives an appointment as salaried concertmaster of the Salzburg Court Chapel (of which he had been an unpaid member since 1769). Third journey to Italy with his father, premiere in Milan of the dramma per musica “Lucio Silla,” with general success. The final trip to Italy spells the ends of his youthful phase of appropriation; he has tested out all important instrumental genres (symphony, sonata, string quartet) and all the main genres of opera (Singspiel, opera buffa, opera seria, festa teatrale).
from 1773Composition of string quartets (K. 168–173) under the influence of Haydn, and of symphonies, divertimenti, serenades. He increasingly devotes himself, contingent upon the duties of his post, to liturgical music; several masses are written. Begins to compose violin and piano concerti.
1775Premiere in Munich of the dramma giocoso “La finta giardiniera” and the serenata “Il Rè pastore.” Piano sonatas, K. 279–284.
1777He vacates his post temporarily to undertaken a promotional tour with his mother to Munich, Mannheim, and Paris.
1778Composition of the “Paris” Symphony in D major (K. 297). In Paris he experiences the quarrel between the proponents of Gluck and those of Piccinni. Publication of violin sonatas.
1779Resumes his duties in Salzburg, as court organist. Coronation Mass in C major.
1781Premiere in Munich of his tragédie lyrique “Idomeneo,” in which French and Italian elements are synthesized. Journey to Vienna. After his falling out with the Archbishop of Salzburg, he gives up his post, moves to Vienna, and earns his living as a free composer through concertizing and giving music lessons. His last great period of creativity begins.
1782He becomes acquainted with the works of Bach and Handel through Baron van Swieten; after this he arranges Bachian fugues and incorporates the “learned style” (fugues and counterpoint) into his works beside the “galant style” (e.g. in the String Quartet in G major, K. 387, in 1782; Piano Sonata in F major, K. 533, in 1786; the Jupiter Symphony, K. 551, in 1788; “Die Zauberflöte” (“The Magic Flute”), and the Requiem in D minor, K. 626, both in 1791). Premiere in Vienna of his Singspiel “Die Entführung aus dem Serail” (“The Abduction from the Seraglio”). Composition of the Haffner Symphony in D major, K. 385.
1783Mass in C minor, K. 427; Linz Symphony in C major, K. 425.
1784Hunt Quartet in B-flat major, K. 458.
1785Premiere in Vienna of the oratorio “Davide penitente,” K. 469. “Dissonance” Quartet in C major, K. 465.
1786Premiere of the comedy with music “Der Schauspieldirektor” (“The Impresario”), K. 486, which Salieri’s competing work “Prima la musica e poi le parole” (“First the Music and Then the Words”) bests. Premiere in Vienna of the opera buffa “Le nozze di Figaro” (“The Marriage of Figaro”), whose extended action-packed finales form a highpoint of opera buffa. Prague Symphony in D major, K. 504.
1787Serenade in G major (“Eine kleine Nachtmusik”), K. 525. He is named imperial and royal chamber composer. Premiere in Prague of the dramma giocoso “Il dissoluto punito ossia Il Don Giovanni,” a synthesis of serious and comic opera.
1788Composition of the large Symphonies in E-flat major, K. 543; G minor, K. 550; and C major (Jupiter Symphony), K. 551. Clarinet Quintet in A major, K. 581.
1790Premiere in Vienna of the dramma giocoso “Così fan tutte ossia La scuola degli amanti.”
1791Premiere in Prague of the opera seria “La clemenza di Tito” and in Vienna of the Singspiel “Die Zauberflöte.” Clarinet Concerto in A major, K. 622. The Requiem remains unfinished. Dies in Vienna on December 5.

© 2003, 2010 Philipp Reclam jun. GmbH & Co. KG, Stuttgart

校訂者や運指担当者について

Wolf-Dieter Seiffert (校訂)

Dr. Wolf-Dieter Seiffert, born in 1959 in Frankfurt/M., read musicology, modern German literature, and philosophy at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich. On a scholarship from the “Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes”, he did his doctorate in 1990 with a thesis on “Mozarts frühe Streichquartette” (Rudolf Bockholdt). That same year, Seiffert started work at G. Henle Publishers as an editor. Parallel to his work at the publisher, he completed a diploma in business studies at the St. Gallen University, KMU-HSG, financed by the Günter Henle Foundation. Seiffert became managing director of G. Henle Verlag in 2000.

Seiffert has edited numerous Urtext editions for G. Henle Publishers, predominantly on Mozart’s works.

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Kurt Guntner (ヴァイオリンの運指とボーイング, カデンツ)

Prof. Kurt Guntner was born in Munich on Mozart’s 183rd birthday. He studied the violin with Ludwig Ackermann, Max Rostal and Henryk Szeryng. At the age of 18, he made his solo debut in the Kongreßsaal at the German Museum in Munich, performing Beethoven’s Violin Concerto with the Munich Philharmonic Orchestra. At the age of 22 he was appointed first concertmaster with the Bavarian State Orchestra. After 10 eventful years at the Bavarian State Opera with conductors such as Ferenc Fricsay, Joseph Keilberth and Hans Knappertsbusch, Rudolf Kempe invited him to become the first concertmaster with the Munich Philharmonic Orchestra, giving him the opportunity to perform the violin solo in many of the great violin concertos.

Of particular appeal were the BR’s invitations to perform and record great violin concertos that were seldom played, including those by Casella, Schillings, Szymanowsky. Kurt Eichhorn initiated this series– Jan Koetsier, Marek Janowski and others conducted other concertos. Kurt Guntner was also first concertmaster with the Bayreuth Festival Orchestra for many years, and played with the Munich Bach Orchestra under Karl Richter, in the Association of Soloists in The Bach Week in Ansbach and with the Münchner Bachsolisten. In 1972 he founded the internationally acclaimed ODEON-TRIO, together with the cellist Angelica May and the pianist Leonard Hokanson, touring all over the world with them for 25 years. In 1976 Guntner was called to the tenured chair of violin at Munich’s Hochschule für Musik und Theater, teaching students from around the world for 28 years.

He made numerous recordings for radio, television, record and CD. Karl Schumann described Guntner’s broad musical personality thus: “Kurt Guntner is a practical orchestral musician, soloist, chamber musician and educator in one person”.

In 1997 Kurt Guntner was awarded the order of merit (first class) of the Federal Republic of Germany.

Kurt Guntner died on 9 January 2015 in Munich.

He was closely associated with G. Henle Publishers for several decades. Since the end of the 1980s he had produced numerous Urtext editions of works for violin for the publishing house, sharing pedagogically polished bowings and fingerings for different works including violin concertos by Bach, Haydn, Mozart, Bruch and Tchaikovsky, as well as numerous other editions.

La réduction pour piano du Concerto pour violon No. 4 ré majeur KV 218 de Mozart se base sur la partition "Urtext" reposant elle-meme exclusivement sur l'autographe de Mozart. Cette réduction pour piano représente l'exemple par excellence d'une partition très musicale et d'exécution facile, ce qui facilitera certainement le travail des musiciens amateurs.

Pizzicato

... Zum einen ist der Klavierpart bei Henle wesentlich schlanker und durchsichtiger (und damit auch technisch leichter) gestaltet als bei anderen Verlagen ..., zum anderen überzeugt die Einrichtung der Violinstimme durch Kurt Guntner. Da gibt es keine pseudovirtuosen Schluchzer und Rutscher, die Strichvorschläge führen zu kurzer, luftiger Bogenführung, die neuen Kadenzen sind keine technisch überladenen Schaustücke, sondern nutzen relativ einfache, aber glanzvolle Mittel, das Instrument in seiner klanglichen Eigenart zu charakterisieren ... Einfach, aber durchdacht, geschmackvoll, verständlich, übersichtlich – so können Urtextausgaben eben auch sein.

Das Liebhaberorchester

L’originalité de cette réduction réside dans le fait que la partie de piano sonne bien tout en évitant au pianiste accompagnateur de trop grandes difficultés techniques, ne privilégiant pas le fait de rejoindre l’écriture orchestrale. Une grande attention a été portée à la distinction entre la « staccato » et le « trait », le point ayant tendance à prendre la forme du trait dans l’écriture rapide de Mozart, les manuscrits autographes de Mozart étant les seules sources de cette édition Urtext. Quelques problèmes d’éditions sont annotés là où ils se présentent ; la partie soliste est augmentée de propositions techniques et de cadences de Kurt Guntner.

Crescendo, 2001

Mr. Gunter`s suggested fingerings are entirely logical from a violinistic point of view with slurs and phrasing always in style. (It is interesting to compare earlier editions that contained many more shifts and less than exemplary slurring). His cadenza is an amalgam of several well-known examles while he also adds his own embellishments to the main motifs of each movement. The short improvisatory lead-ins back to the main theme in the last movement are fluidly and imaginatively written. This is altogether a painstaking, carefullys crafted account of the solo part.Siegfried Petrenz`s piano reduction is sufficiently abundant in harmony while the texture remains clearer than earlier versions that were more closely based on the orchestral writing. The keyboard part indicates the relevant instrumentation (for example, horns, oboes, violas and general tuttis)As is usually the case with Henle, this new publication is spacious in layout with well-organized page turns and meticulous attention to detail.

Music Teacher Magazine

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